Maximizing Home Security with the Home Protection Scheme (HPS) – Your Ultimate Guide to HDB Safety

by | Sep 29, 2023

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Introduction to the Home Protection Scheme HPS

The Home Protection Scheme (HPS) is a mortgage insurance scheme in Singapore that provides coverage to HDB homeowners and their families in the event of death, terminal illness, or total permanent disability.

It is designed to safeguard homeowners and ensure that their outstanding housing loan liabilities are taken care of.

Its coverage is tied to the ownership of your HDB flat, provides a consistent coverage period, offers comprehensive protection for the outstanding loan, has an affordable premium payable with CPF funds, and is compulsory for all HDB flat owners with an outstanding housing loan.

With these advantages, HPS ensures that you and your loved ones are well-protected financially in the event of unforeseen circumstances.

Key Takeaways

  1. Purpose of HPS: HPS safeguards homeowners who co-own a flat and struggle with home loan repayments due to death, terminal illness, or total permanent disability.
  2. Automatic Deduction: Premiums for HPS are automatically deducted from your CPF Ordinary Account, providing continuous coverage.
  3. Annual Premiums: HPS premium is paid annually and depends on the insured sum, age, and loan repayment period.
  4. Eligibility: Participation in HPS is mandatory for HDB homeowners with CPF-funded housing loans.
  5. Optional for Private Property Owners: While mandatory for HDB owners, private property owners can choose to apply for HPS but are not obligated to do so.
  6. Coverage Details: HPS covers the outstanding housing loan amount, including interest, in cases of death, terminal illness, or total permanent disability.
  7. Application Process: Applying for HPS can be done online through the CPF website and should be done upon purchasing the HDB flat.
  8. Premium Calculation: HPS premiums are calculated based on the remaining sum of your home loan, taking into account factors like age, loan amount, and tenure.
  9. Payment Options: Premiums can be paid using CPF savings, and homeowners without sufficient CPF funds may need to make cash payments.
  10. Advantages over Private Insurance: HPS offers advantages like consistent coverage, comprehensive protection, affordability, and mandatory coverage for HDB owners when compared to private mortgage insurance.

Introduction to HDB Home Protection Scheme (HPS)

If you find yourself in a situation where you are struggling to repay your home loan, there is a safeguard in place to protect you.

The CPF’s Home Protection Scheme (HPS) provides coverage for those who co-own a flat and are unable to meet their loan repayments.

This scheme covers the outstanding loan amount in the event of death, terminal illness, or total permanent disability.

It is crucial to ensure that your flat is insured under the HPS to provide financial security for your loved ones in case of any unforeseen circumstances.

The premium for the HPS is automatically deducted from your CPF Ordinary Account, and the coverage extends until you fully repay your home loan or when you reach the age of 65.

The HPS acts as a safety net, giving you peace of mind knowing that your home loan is protected and your family’s financial future is secured.

The HPS claim is a crucial component of the Annual Premium Home Protection Scheme, designed to protect homeowners from financial burdens in the event of unforeseen circumstances.

This comprehensive scheme provides a safety net that ensures homeowners do not lose their HDB flat due to unexpected events such as death, terminal illness, or total and permanent disability.

With HPS, homeowners can rest assured that their homes will not become a financial burden for their loved ones in times of crisis.

By paying a small premium on a regular basis, homeowners can secure their peace of mind, knowing that their HDB flat is safeguarded against life’s uncertainties.

The HPS claim process is straightforward and hassle-free, with the insurance coverage providing financial protection up to the outstanding housing loan amount.

It is crucial for homeowners to be well-informed about the benefits and terms of HPS to make an informed decision and avoid potential financial risks.

Protecting one’s HDB flat is not just a prudent choice but a responsible decision for the security and well-being of oneself and their family.

What is the Home Protection Scheme (HPS)?

Under the HPS, homeowners who have obtained a housing loan from the CPF Board (CPFB) to finance their HDB flat are required to participate in the scheme.

The HPS provides coverage for the outstanding loan amount up to the insured sum, including interest, throughout the coverage period.

The coverage is comprehensive and ensures that loved ones are not burdened with the responsibility of repaying the housing loan in the unfortunate event of loss of life, terminal illness, or total permanent disability.

Private property owners can also opt to apply for the HPS to protect themselves and their families.

However, it is not compulsory for private property owners to participate in the scheme.

Importance of HPS in Singapore’s housing market

The HPS is a crucial component of the housing market in Singapore, ensuring that HDB homeowners and their families are well-protected.

The HPS coverage offers peace of mind, as it covers the outstanding housing loan amount and prevents loved ones from being burdened by financial obligations.

The HPS premium is paid annually and is based on the insured sum, age, and loan repayment period.

The premium can be paid using CPF savings, making it convenient for homeowners.

Eligibility and application process for Home Protection Scheme (HPS)

Participation in the HPS is compulsory for HDB homeowners who have obtained a housing loan from the CPFB.

However, if homeowners have existing private insurance that provides mortgage-reducing coverage, they may apply to be exempted from the HPS.

To be eligible for the HPS, homeowners must meet the following criteria:

  1. Own an HDB flat and are paying for it using CPF savings from their Ordinary Account.
  2. Have not exceeded the HPS maximum coverage limit.
  3. Have not opted for a private insurance policy that is equivalent to or exceeds the HPS coverage.

The application process for the HPS is simple and can be done online through the CPFB website.

Homeowners should apply for HPS coverage as soon as they purchase their HDB flat and take up the housing loan.

The Home Protection Scheme (HPS) plays a vital role in providing comprehensive protection for HDB homeowners and their families in Singapore.

It ensures that outstanding housing loan liabilities are taken care of, providing peace of mind and financial security.

Homeowners are encouraged to understand the eligibility requirements and apply for HPS coverage to safeguard their homes and loved ones.

Understanding HPS Premium and Coverage Compulsory

Understanding HPS and its Benefits

When it comes to protecting your home and mortgage, the Home Protection Scheme (HPS) in Singapore offers a comprehensive solution.

Understanding how HPS works, the coverage it provides, and the benefits it offers can help you make an informed decision about protecting your most valuable asset.

When purchasing a flat under the Housing and Development Board (HDB), it is crucial to consider the Home Protection Scheme (HPS).

The HPS ensures that in the unfortunate event of death, terminal illness, or total and permanent disability, the remaining outstanding loan amount for your HDB flat will be fully covered.

This provides a sense of security, alleviating worries about leaving behind a significant financial burden for your loved ones.

The HPS is designed to safeguard homeowners from potential difficulties in repaying their monthly home loan, as it ensures coverage for all owners of the flat.

Furthermore, it ensures that each owner is protected equally, as the coverage amount is based on the share they own in the property.

This aspect ensures fairness and peace of mind for all parties involved.

The amount of coverage for your HDB flat under the HPS is dependent on the remaining outstanding loan amount.

As the HPS is linked to your HDB loan, it provides financial security by covering the loan balance even if the outstanding amount exceeds the cash proceeds from the flat’s sale.

This means that regardless of the market value of your flat, the HPS will continue to provide coverage until the loan is fully repaid.

However, it is important to note that the HPS only covers HDB loans and is not applicable to other types of housing loans.

To be eligible for the HPS, individuals must obtain an HDB loan and be between the ages of 21 and 64, with sufficient Medisave funds for the monthly premium payments.

It is compulsory for all individuals who meet these criteria to be insured under the HPS, providing a safety net for all homeowners.

Thus, understanding the importance and benefits of the HPS is essential when purchasing a flat under the HDB scheme, as it offers peace of mind and financial protection for both the homeowners and their families.

How does HPS work?

HPS is a mortgage insurance scheme managed by the Central Provident Fund (CPF) Board. It is compulsory for HDB homeowners who have taken loans from CPF for their property.

Here are the key aspects of HPS:

  • Insured: HPS provides coverage for homeowners using their CPF Ordinary Account to service their housing loan.
  • Installment: The HPS premium is calculated based on your outstanding housing loan amount. It can be paid using your CPF savings or cash.
  • Terminal illness and permanent disability: HPS covers the insured in case of terminal illness or permanent disability, allowing them to use their CPF savings to pay off their housing loan.
  • Sum assured: The coverage amount under HPS is equal to the outstanding housing loan, up to a maximum of S$600,000.
  • Annual premium: The HPS premium is automatically deducted from your CPF account on a yearly basis.
  • Eligibility: To be eligible for HPS, you must be insured under the CPF Home Protection Scheme, have an outstanding housing loan, and be between 21 and 64 years old.

Coverage and protection provided by HPS

HPS offers coverage and protection to homeowners in various ways:

  • Outstanding housing loan: HPS ensures that in the event of death, terminal illness, or total permanent disability, the insured’s outstanding housing loan will be paid.
  • Using CPF: HPS utilizes your CPF Ordinary Account savings to cover your loan repayments, reducing financial strain during difficult times.
  • Home Protection Scheme cover: HPS provides critical illness coverage, protecting you and your family from unexpected medical expenses.
  • CPF Home Protection Scheme: The coverage period of HPS is the same as the term of your loan, ensuring affordability and peace of mind throughout the loan tenure.
  • Private insurance plans: While HPS provides basic coverage, homeowners can also consider additional coverage through private insurance plans offered by insurance companies or banks.

Benefits of having HPS

Having HPS offers several benefits for homeowners:

  • Peace of mind: With HPS, you can ensure that your monthly housing instalments will be covered if you face unfortunate circumstances.
  • HPS premium: The annual premium for HPS is relatively affordable, providing an additional layer of security for your mortgage.
  • Mortgage insurance: HPS acts as a mortgage insurance, safeguarding your outstanding home loan and ownership of your property.
  • Retirement: HPS also protects hdb flat for your retirement savings by ensuring that your outstanding housing loan is taken care of.
  • HPS cover period is 30 years: The coverage period of HPS extends until the retirement age of the insured, providing long-term protection for your home.

Understanding the HPS premium and coverage is crucial to protecting your home and mortgage.

By being aware of how HPS works, the coverage it provides, and the benefits it offers, you can make an informed decision about securing your most valuable asset.

Whether it is for peace of mind, financial protection, or retirement planning, HPS provides an effective solution for homeowners in Singapore.

When it comes to securing one’s financial future, having adequate insurance coverage is paramount.

For homeowners, a mortgage-reducing insurance that protects can provide additional security and peace of mind.

Such policies typically offer protection for a period of up to 30 years, ensuring that the outstanding mortgage balance is paid off in the event of the homeowner’s death or permanent disability.

This coverage can be especially beneficial for individuals who have dependents or significant financial obligations tied to their mortgage.

To obtain this insurance, individuals must authorise the board to deduct the premiums directly from their CPF (Central Provident Fund) account.

This convenient method allows policyholders to seamlessly cover online  via my cpf the costs of their insurance online via their CPF account.

It is important to note that there are various types of mortgage-reducing insurance policies available types of insurance policies, each offering different coverage options and benefits.

As such, homeowners should carefully evaluate their needs and financial situation to determine which policy is best suited for them.

Some policies may also include additional features such as critical illness coverage or waiver of premium, which can further enhance the policyholder’s financial security.

With the ongoing volatility in the global economy and uncertainty surrounding the job market, having comprehensive insurance coverage is more important than ever.

By ensuring that their mortgage is adequately protected, homeowners can provide their loved ones with a secure foundation in the event of an unforeseen tragedy.

Whether opting for a decreasing term or a level term policy, homeowners can rest assured that their financial responsibilities will be met, allowing them to focus on other important aspects of their lives.

Protecting your HDB flat is of utmost importance as it is one of your biggest assets.

Whether you are living in a resale flat or having to take a look to purchase a new one, it is crucial to have adequate insurance coverage to safeguard your investment.

Failing to do so can leave you vulnerable to financial losses in the event of unforeseen circumstances such as fire, water damage, or theft.

While the HDB fire insurance scheme provides basic coverage for the building’s structure, it does not protect your personal belongings or renovation work.

Therefore, opting for additional insurance coverage is highly recommended.

However, it is important to note that having comprehensive coverage for your flat may result in higher your premiums.

This could potentially put a strain on your finances, especially if you are already facing other financial commitments such as mortgage repayments and daily expenses.

In addition to insurance premiums, as a flat owner, it is essential to allocate a portion of your annual premium towards your CPF Ordinary Account (OA) savings.

This ensures that you have a sufficient safety net and savings for future use, including retirement.

By diligently setting aside a share of your annual premium, you not only secure your HDB flat but also build up a nest egg that can provide for your future financial needs.

It is crucial to strike a balance between protecting your HDB flat and managing the cost of insurance.

Therefore, it is advisable to thoroughly research and compare insurance plans, taking into consideration both the coverage benefits and premium costs.

Seeking advice from insurance professionals or financial advisors can also provide valuable insights on the best insurance options for your specific needs.

Ultimately, taking the necessary steps to protect your HDB flat and diligently managing the associated costs will provide you with peace of mind and financial security in the long run.

Eligible for the Home Protection | Apply for Home Protection Scheme

Eligibility and Application Process for HPS

If you are one of the fortunate ones to co-own a flat, you understand the importance of protecting your shared investment.

The home protection scheme (HPS) is designed to provide peace of mind for co-owners by ensuring that their flats are adequately insured.

With HPS, your flat is protected against a range of risks, including fire, flood, co-owns the flat, insured under home protection scheme, full by the HPS, worry about losing the flat, coverage of all the owners, equal amounts for your hdb, eligibility for the hps and theft.

This comprehensive coverage is crucial, as losing your flat could be devastating both financially and emotionally.

By participating in HPS, all co-owners contribute equal amounts for the insurance premiums, making it fair and equitable for everyone involved.

This means that not only are you safeguarding your own interests, but you are also ensuring that your fellow co-owners are protected in the event of any unfortunate incidents.

Furthermore, HPS is specifically tailored for Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats, so you can rest assured that your eligibility is never in question.

Whether you are a first-time homebuyer or have recently co-purchased a flat, HPS is there to support you every step of the way.

It provides a safety net that allows you to focus on enjoying your shared space without worrying about the potential risks that come with owning a property.

Remember, your home is more than just a physical structure; it is a place where memories are made and cherished.

So, do not leave its safety to chance.

Ensure that you are fully protected under the HPS, so that you and your co-owners can continue to enjoy the fruits of your investment, knowing that your flat is secure.

Who is Eligible for HPS?

The Home Protection Scheme (HPS) in Singapore provides mortgage insurance coverage to CPF members who own an HDB flat.

To be eligible for the HPS, you must meet the following criteria:

  • CPF Home: You must be using CPF savings to pay monthly housing loan installments for your HDB flat.
  • Insured Under the Home Protection Scheme: You are automatically insured under the HPS if you have an outstanding housing loan with HDB or a financial institution. The coverage amount is based on your outstanding housing loan, and the premium is deducted from your CPF Ordinary Account (OA) monthly.
  • CPF Savings to Pay Housing Loan: Your CPF savings must be sufficient to cover the insurance premium.
  • Exempted from HPS: There are certain cases where you may be exempted from the HPS. For example, if you have an existing private mortgage insurance plan if you are 60 years and above, or if you have less than 5 years left on your mortgage loan.
  • Legal Ownership: You must have legal ownership of the HDB flat, and you can be the sole owner or one of the co-owners.
  • Percentage Share: If you are a co-owner, your share in the flat must be at least 5%.
  • User: You must use the HDB flat as your place of dwelling.
  • Ownership Dashboard: You can check your eligibility and apply for the HPS through the CPF website using the “My Home” section of your CPF account.

How to Apply for HPS?

To apply for the Home Protection Scheme, you need to follow these steps:

  1. Apply to be Insured: When you take a housing loan from HDB or a financial institution, you will be automatically insured under HPS. There is no need for a separate application.
  2. Insurance Policies: The HPS is administered by the CPF Board, and the premiums are deducted from your CPF OA savings monthly. You do not need to purchase any additional insurance policies to be covered by the HPS.
  3. Using CPF: The insurance premiums are deducted from your CPF Ordinary Account. It is important to ensure that you have sufficient CPF savings to cover the premium payments.
  4. Application for Exemption: If you have an existing private mortgage insurance plan or have reasons that exempt you from the HPS, you can submit an application for exemption to the CPF Board. The application will be assessed, and if approved, you will not be required to participate in the HPS.

Documents Required for HPS Application

When applying for the Home Protection Scheme, you may be required to submit the following documents:

  • Private Mortgage Insurance Plans: If you have an existing private mortgage insurance plan, you need to provide the details of the policy.
  • Insurance Premiums: You may need to provide information on your insurance premiums, including the amount and duration of coverage.
  • Health Conditions: Depending on your age and medical history, you may be required to submit a medical report or a health declaration.

By ensuring that you meet the eligibility criteria and submitting the necessary documents, you can protect your home with the Home Protection Scheme and have peace of mind knowing that your outstanding housing loan will be covered in the event of unfortunate circumstances.

HPS Premium and Payment Options

HPS Premium and Payment Options

If you find yourself in a situation where you can’t repay your home loan, it is crucial to consider the implications on your property if you co-own the flat.

In Singapore, homeowners have the option to cover their home loans online, but it is important to weigh the pros and cons.

Additionally, it is wise to ensure that your HDB flat is insured under the Home Protection Scheme (HPS).

The HPS is a mortgage-reducing insurance scheme that provides coverage in the event of death, terminal illness, or total permanent disability.

However, it is essential to recognize that losing your HDB flat is a real possibility if you are unable to make loan repayments.

The consequences of defaulting on your home loan can be severe, and it may lead to the forced sale of your property.

Hence, it is crucial to seek financial advice and explore all available options to mitigate the risk of losing your home.

Calculating the HPS premium

When applying for the Home Protection Scheme (HPS) in Singapore, it is important to understand how the premium is calculated.

The HPS premium is based on the remaining sum on your home loan.

In the event of death or total permanent disability, the HPS will pay off the outstanding sum on your home loan, ensuring that your loved ones are not burdened with mortgage debt.

To calculate the premium, you need to consider the sum on your home loan and the remaining sum on your home.

The premiums are paid monthly and coincide with your housing instalments.

The actual premiums will depend on factors such as your age, loan amount, and loan tenure.

To get an idea of how much your HPS premium might be, you can use the HPS premium calculator provided by the CPF website.

This calculator takes into account the specific details of your home loan and provides an estimate of your monthly premiums.

Payment options for HPS premium

Once you are insured under the Home Protection Scheme, you have several payment options to choose from.

The premiums can be paid using funds from your CPF Ordinary Account savings.

This ensures that your insurance coverage is not at the expense of your cash savings.

The HPS premium is calculated based on the coverage for all the owners of your HDB flat.

Each owner will pay an equal amount towards the premium.

The premium payment is combined with your monthly housing instalments and deducted automatically from your CPF Ordinary Account.

It is important to note that if you do not have sufficient funds in your CPF Ordinary Account, you will need to make a cash payment for the premium.

Additionally, medical examination is not required to apply for HPS as long as you meet the eligibility criteria.

Another important aspect to consider is the share of cover.

If you have an outstanding mortgage loan, the HPS will cover the share of your mortgage loan that corresponds to your share of ownership in the flat.

This means that if you have paid off a portion of your loan, the coverage amount under HPS will be adjusted accordingly.

In conclusion, when applying for the Home Protection Scheme (HPS) in Singapore, it is crucial to understand how the premium is calculated and the various payment options available.

By calculating the HPS premium accurately and choosing the right payment option, you can ensure that you have adequate protection for your home and loved ones.

Advantages of HPS over other Mortgage Insurance

Advantages of HPS over other Mortgage Insurance

Comparing HPS with private mortgage insurance

When it comes to protecting your home and loved ones, the Home Protection Scheme (HPS) in Singapore provides several advantages over private mortgage insurance.

Here’s a comparison of HPS with private mortgage insurance to help you understand why HPS is a better choice.

Ownership of your HDB flat:

With HPS, the coverage is tied to the ownership of your HDB flat.

This means that as long as you own an HDB flat and have an outstanding housing loan, you are eligible for the Home Protection Scheme.

On the other hand, private mortgage insurance plans are not limited to HDB flats and can cover other types of residential properties as well.

Coverage period:

HPS provides coverage for a period of 30 years or until the insured member reaches the age of 65, whichever is earlier.

This coverage period is consistent and ensures that you and your family are protected throughout the loan repayment period.

Private mortgage insurance policies may offer different coverage periods depending on the terms and conditions set by the insurance provider.

Comprehensive coverage:

HPS offers comprehensive coverage for the outstanding housing loan in the event of death, terminal illness, or total permanent disability of the insured member.

The coverage is based on a percentage of the outstanding loan, which provides a safety net for your loved ones in a difficult time.

Private mortgage insurance plans may vary in the coverage they offer and may not provide the same level of comprehensive protection as HPS.

Affordable premium:

The HPS premium is paid using your CPF funds and is automatically deducted from your account.

The premium payable is based on your loan amount and decreases over time as you repay your loan.

Private mortgage insurance plans may require additional cash payment on top of your monthly loan repayment, making HPS a more affordable option.

Coverage status:

HPS coverage is compulsory for all HDB flat owners with an outstanding housing loan.

This ensures that everyone has a basic level of protection for their home.

Private mortgage insurance is optional and depends on the individual’s choice and preference.

Conclusion

Importance of HPS in safeguarding your HDB flat

In conclusion, the Home Protection Scheme (HPS) is a crucial safeguard for homeowners in Singapore, particularly those who have purchased an HDB flat using the HDB concessionary loan.

The HPS provides a safety net in case homeowners are unable to repay their home loan due to unforeseen circumstances.

One of the main benefits of the HPS is that it protects homeowners from losing their HDB flat.

If the insured homeowner passes away or suffers from total permanent disability, the HPS will cover the outstanding home loan, ensuring that the flat remains in the possession of the surviving family

members or co-owners.

This provides peace of mind and eliminates the worry of losing the flat in times of financial difficulty.

The HPS is an affordable option for homeowners, as the premium for the HPS is relatively low.

The annual premium for the HPS is calculated based on the outstanding home loan amount, and it can be paid using CPF savings.

By paying a small premium, homeowners can secure their HDB flat and protect their loved ones from potential financial burdens.

It is important to note that the HPS is different from term life insurance.

While term life insurance provides a lump sum payout, the HPS directly covers the outstanding home loan.

This ensures that homeowners are fully protected and do not have to worry about losing their HDB flat due to financial constraints.

With the introduction of the Home Ownership Dashboard, homeowners can conveniently check their HPS coverage and make any necessary adjustments online.

This makes it easier for homeowners to manage their HPS and ensure that they have sufficient coverage.

In conclusion, the HPS plays a vital role in safeguarding the HDB flat and providing financial security for homeowners in Singapore.

By investing in the HPS, homeowners can eliminate the fear of losing their home and focus on building a stable future for themselves and their loved ones.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Home Protection Scheme (HPS)?

The Home Protection Scheme (HPS) is an insurance scheme that helps to protect you and your family from losing your home in the event that you are unable to repay your home loan. It provides CPF members with a way to ensure that their outstanding housing loans are secured.

How does the Home Protection Scheme work?

The Home Protection Scheme works by providing insurance coverage for CPF members who own HDB flats and have an outstanding housing loan. If you are insured under the HPS and you are diagnosed with a terminal illness, or if you become totally and permanently disabled, the insurance will help to cover your outstanding housing loan.

Do I need to pay for the Home Protection Scheme?

Yes, you will need to pay an annual premium for the Home Protection Scheme. The premium can be paid using your CPF Ordinary Account (OA) or in cash.

Can I use my CPF Ordinary Account to pay for the Home Protection Scheme?

Yes, you can use your CPF Ordinary Account to pay for the annual premium of the Home Protection Scheme. However, if there is a premium shortfall in your CPF Ordinary Account, you will need to top up the difference in cash.

What happens if I can't repay my home loan?

If you are insured under the Home Protection Scheme, and you are unable to repay your home loan, the insurance will help to cover the outstanding amount. This means that you will not have to worry about losing your home.

Can I be insured under both the Home Protection Scheme and private insurance coverage?

No, if you are insured under the Home Protection Scheme, you cannot be insured under any private insurance coverage for the same home loan.

What is an HPS certificate?

An HPS certificate is a document that confirms that you are insured under the Home Protection Scheme. It is issued by the Central Provident Fund (CPF) Board and is proof of your coverage under the scheme.

What is the Home Protection Scheme claim process?

In the event of a claim under the Home Protection Scheme, you will need to submit the necessary documents to the CPF Board. The Board will then assess your claim and make the necessary payments to your housing loan lender.

What happens if I sell my flat or transfer ownership?

If you sell your flat or transfer ownership, the HPS coverage will automatically be canceled. It is important to inform the CPF Board and your housing loan lender about the change in ownership to ensure that your HPS coverage is properly updated.

Can a non-owner be insured under the Home Protection Scheme?

No, the Home Protection Scheme only covers CPF members who are flat owners and co-owners of the flat. It does not provide coverage for non-owners or tenants.

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